I- How are they demarcated ?

The nuclear zones with restricted access which constitute the premises and enclosed grounds mentioned in the first paragraph of Article L. 1333-13-12 are delimited:

1° By order of the Minister of Defense when the following are concerned:

a) Nuclear installations relevant to deterrence mentioned in Article L. 1411-1;

b) Establishments or installations assigned to the military authority or placed under its control and housing nuclear materials whose possession is subject to the authorization mentioned in Article L. 1333-2;

2° By order of the Minister responsible for energy when establishments or installations housing nuclear materials are concerned, the possession of which is subject to the authorization mentioned in Article L. 1333-2, other than those mentioned in b of 1°;

3° By joint order of the Minister of Defense and the Minister responsible for energy when the limits of the zone are common to establishments or installations mentioned in 1° and 2°.

The orders are notified to the head of the establishments or installations concerned and to the holder of the authorization mentioned in article L. 1333-2. These then make the limits of the zone and the prohibition measures to which it is subject visible by signs conforming to the model presented in the appendix.

A copy of the order is sent to the department prefect and the territorially competent defense and security zone prefect.[1]

II- Penalties for trespassing without authorization

The act of entering, without authorization from the competent authority, inside premises and enclosed grounds demarcated to ensure the protection of nuclear installations relevant to deterrence mentioned in article L. 1411-1 or establishments or installations housing nuclear materials whose possession is subject to the authorization mentioned in article L. 1333-2.[2]

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[1] – Article D1333-79 of the French Defense Code

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000031289827

[2] – Article L1333-13-12 of the French Defense Code

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000030949393